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IEEE Tutorial: Recent Advances in Wireless Sensor Networks

TechFocus2010This presentation covers various characteristics of a wireless sensor network in monitoring an unattended area. Results of how wireless sensor network topologies can be effectively used for physically accessible areas are presented. Minimizing packet traffic by collecting data using a mobile Base Station is discussed, along with energy consumption. An innovative technique of distributing keys for shared secret key based communications is described, and various characteristics including resiliency, and monitoring a battle-field using wireless sensor networks are outlined. Analytical model is introduced and compared with simulation results. The need for layered sensing in secured communications is investigated.

Free access compliments of: Academic Press

Free access for a limited time only!

More info here.

 

Wireless sensor network to help prevent power cuts

Researchers are developing a wireless sensor network (WSN) designed to spot faults in electricity sub-stations that can lead to power cuts. The EPSRC-funded team will develop a WSN capable of sensing partial discharge (PD) in electricity sub-stations, a situation that occurs when the insulation of cables and other power equipment becomes old or damaged. Left unchecked, partial discharge can lead to dangerous and destructive faults including explosions and power cuts. Designed to be monitored centrally, the new WSN will allow operators to replace planned maintenance with condition-based maintenance.

Ian Glover, the new Professor of Radio Science and Wireless Systems Engineering at Huddersfield University told The Engineer via email that the traditional approach to PD detection using free-standing radio receivers has been to measure the difference in time-of-flight from the PD source to a set of spatially separated receivers.

‘The difference in the times-of-flight are found by cross-correlating the noise-like time waveforms arriving at the different receivers with each other,’ he said. ‘The difference in the times-of-flight for a pair of receivers defines a locus of points on which the source of PD could lie. Multiple loci, resulting from multiple pairs of receivers, intersect which gives the location of the source.’ The 4.5 year project, which has received £670,000 in funding, aims to develop a system that relies principally on measurement of PD signal amplitude and does not rely on time measurements. One challenge, said Prof Glover, will be to make the sensors sensitive enough to detect PD at a useful range without requiring sophisticated signal processing, such as the cross-correlation used in the time-of-flight approach. He said, ‘Such signal processing is power hungry and these sensors will probably need to be powered using energy harvesting technologies – solar cells, vibration, stray electric and magnetic fields, for example – if they are not to require expensive maintenance.’

Another challenge, he said, is that the attenuation [loss] of the PD signal in propagating from source to receiver may vary significantly, even for paths of the same length due to the complex propagation environment of the substation.

‘This means that the location of the PD source is almost certainly not possible by simply inverting a path loss law since the path loss law will be unknown,’ said Prof Glover. ‘It may be that we have to ‘calibrate’ our sensors using an emulated PD signal. This itself will require power and may further challenge the energy harvesting solution to maintenance avoidance.’

More info here.

Ultralow-power developments target next-gen wireless sensors

Imec__ULP_ADCThe ultrasmall sensors of the future will monitor our health parameters, vehicles, machines and processes, buildings and smart constructions, and the environment. They will operate autonomously for long periods on a small battery, and they will communicate wirelessly. A key factor for their success, therefore, is their low power consumption, which will define the range of applications and functionalities for which they can be used.

At the 38th European Solid-State Circuits Conference in September, Imec and Holst Centre (Eindhoven, Netherlands) presented four ultralow-power developments to drive next-generation sensors and sensor networks: a frequency-shift-keying receiver for body-area networks, a flexible successive-approximation-register A/D converter for wireless sensor nodes, fast start-up techniques for duty-cycled impulse radio receivers, and a design approach targeting subthreshold operation.

ULP receiver for body-area network applications
Imec and Holst have developed a power-efficient receiver for ULP BAN (ultralow-power body-area network) applications. Whereas most transceivers exploit OOK (on-off keying) modulation, the new receiver uses FSK (frequency-shift keying) modulation and is hence less sensitive to interference. The complete receiver, fabricated in 40-nm CMOS technology, consumes 382.5 μW. The sensitivity measured at a bit error rate of 10−3 is –81 dBm for a 12.5-kbit/sec bit rate. The bit rate is scalable up to 625 kbits/sec, enabling a trade-off between sensitivity and bit rate. Taking advantage of the short-range nature of BAN applications, a mixer-first architecture is proposed, leading to a good dynamic range.

Flexible SAR ADC for ULP wireless sensor nodes
Wireless sensor nodes for electroencephalography, electrocardiography, and temperature and pressure monitoring require ULP ADCs for both the sensor-readout interface and the wireless-communication front end. Each of these applications, however, has its own requirements for accuracy and bandwidth. Imec and Holst Centre have realized a flexible, power-efficient SAR (successive approximation register) ADC that designers can use for a variety of applications. The device supports resolutions from 7 to 10 bits and sample rates from dc to 2M samples/sec; the flexibility is achieved by implementing a reconfigurable comparator and a reconfigurable DAC. The chip, in a 90-nm process, occupies 0.047 mm2, and achieves power efficiencies of 2.8- to 6.6-fJ/conversion step at 2M samples/sec and with a 0.7V supply.

More info here.

Summer School on Cooperation of Robots and Sensor Networks

Heterogeneous networks of sensors and unmanned vehicles open avenues for a class of novel applications. Tasks ranging from environmental monitoring to user support within emergency-response scenarios require fundamental and multidisciplinary research, typically spanning Computer Science, Electrical Engineering, and Mechanical Engineering topics in robotics, control, communication, and middleware. While the first two summer schools of this series concentrated on research problems within these different domains, this year the focus is on the combination of all involved areas in the context of real-world scenarios. This is tackled by an array of devices ranging from inexpensive, tiny, low power sensor nodes, through unmanned autonomous vehicles to resource rich and powerful command stations. Such a heterogeneity in communication mechanisms, processing capabilities, and inherent mobility of the different devices constitutes a so-called Mixed-Mode Environment.

Goals

This international summer school surveys research areas in the domain of Mixed-Mode Environments and targets to identify novel opportunities and research directions. The lectures will be held by renowned speakers from academia and industry.

The summer school will also provide an excellent opportunity to get in contact with known researchers working in this field, to meet distinguished scholars, and to establish contacts that may lead to research collaborations in the future.

As a special novelty, this year’s program will include a “Mixed-Mode-Challenge” across the school attendees. During the week, all participants will have the opportunity to work together in small groups and develop solutions for an interdisciplinary task involving mobile robots and stationary sensors nodes. First, the groups will validate their approaches in simulation and finally transfer them to real hardware. It is intended to use TurtleBots for the evaluation. The group with the best performing approach will be awarded a special prize.

Participation

The intended audience are young researchers and PhD students from universities and industrial laboratories around the world. As the number of attendees is limited, prospective participants should apply online providing a brief description of their research.

The summer school registration fee is 450 Euro. All rooms are shared between two people.

The summer school will take place in the historical Castle Ebernburg. The registration fee includes accommodation at Castle Ebernburg, all meals (breakfast, lunch, dinner, coffee breaks), several social events and all study materials.

Organization

The summer school is organized by the Research Training Group Cooperative, Adaptive and Responsive Monitoring in Mixed Mode Environments, funded by the German Research Foundation, DFG, under grant GRK 1362.

Important Dates

Application deadline: June 25, 2012

Summer school: July 22-27, 2012

More info here.

WoT 2012

(submission deadline extended)

The third international workshop on the Web of Things (WoT 2012) will be held in conjunction with the tenth international conference on pervasive computing (Pervasive 2012) in Newcastle, UK, June 18-22, 2012.

Continuing the successful Web of Things workshop series, this workshop aims at further exploring the use of technologies and principles at the core of the Web to provide methods for a seamless integration of physical devices. In particular, our goal is to foster discussion on systems towards a real-time Web of Things and the discovery, search, and composition of services provided by Web-enabled things. The “Web of Things” workshop solicits contributions in all areas related to the Web of Things, and we invite application designers to think beyond sensor networks and Web applications, and to imagine, design, build, evaluate and share their thoughts and visions on what the future of the Web and networked devices will be.

Important Dates

Paper submission deadline: March 16, 2012
Notification of acceptance: April 2, 2012
Camera-ready papers due: April 20, 2012
Workshop date: June 19, 2012

More on the workshop website

Research Positions at CISTER

Two research positions in the fields of Cooperating Objects, Cyber-Physical Systems & Sensor Networks are available at the Research Centre on Real-Time Computing Systems (CISTER). The Centre is currently looking to strengthen its research team in the CONET NoE research clusters and SENODs project on all levels: Senior Scientists, Invited Scientists and Post-Docs.

The candidates should have a PhD in Computer Science, Electrical and Computer Engineering or related fields. Particular expertise in Cyber-Physical Systems is a plus. She/he should also have an international publication record and ability to do independent research. Fluency in written and spoken English is required.

Detailed info about the respective calls can be found here and here.

Embedded Networked Systems Engineer – National Geographic

National Geographic – Remote Imaging laboratories is hiring a Post Doctoral researcher to be responsible for the development, testing and performance evaluation of networked embedded devices, in fulfillment of an NSF Grant. These will extend video-recording devices (Crittercam) that have been developed by NGS. The new devices will be equipped with low power GPS localization, wireless communication and on-board execution of distributed algorithms for data storage, streaming and processing, as well as other functionality’s such as battery management. The work will be developed at the Remote Imaging laboratories, located in the headquarters of NGS in Washington, DC, and it will benefit from the guidance and mentorship of experienced engineers.

The Post Doctoral researcher will interact with other team members at the University of Maryland and Princeton University, who will, respectively, evaluate and develop distributed algorithms and determine data to be collected and develop biologically relevant models. The intellectual merit of the work in is development of methods for hardware integration to build distributed networks of embedded devices that are capable of executing algorithms, subject to severe power and weight constraints. 

See more info for applicants, locate job ad and apply here

IOT Top 100

Postscapes has compiled a list of 100 contributors and supporters influencing the IOT. Submissions and votes are open! Dear Readers feel free to help extend/sort the list.

Cheers, WSNBlog Team

 

 

Two PhD Positions Available in Trento, Italy

Applications are invited from those interested in pursuing a PhD in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in Trento, Italy within the D3S group.  Two positions are currently available. D3S is a cross-institution group of researchers from both the University of Trento and the nearby FBK-IRST research center, whose projects are characterised by theoretical backing and practical applicability.

Trento is a vibrant city with a beautifully preserved historic center, consistently ranked at the top for quality of life in Italy.  It offers a variety of cultural and sports opportunities all year around, as well as excellent food and wine.

Applications must be filed online before 13h00 CET, 16 March 2011. More information about this exciting opportunity available here.

Networked Embedded Systems: Humans in the Loop

The Cooperating Objects Network of Excellence (CONET) is organising another Summer School this year. Like the 2009 edition, the school goes back to Bertinoro International Center for Informatics (BiCi), (Forlì-Cesena), Italy and will be held on 24 – 30 July, 2011.

Sensor networks, cyber-physical systems, and cooperating objects are becoming an important part of our daily life. Humans build, deploy, use, and maintain these systems that can sense our activities and influence our behaviour. We will increasingly rely on these networked embedded systems, therefore also requiring a secure and privacy-preserving treatment of sensitive human-centric data. Novel paradigms and solutions are also needed to allow humans to interact with these systems.

The goal of the summer school is to survey fundamental and applied aspects of networked embedded systems and their relationship to humans, as well as to identify novel opportunities and research directions in these areas through a series of lectures by international experts. Participants will also experience the relevant technologies during hands-on courses and be given a chance to present their own work during a participants’ workshop. The school will provide a great opportunity to know other people working in the field, to meet distinguished scholars, and to establish contacts that may lead to research collaborations in the future. We expect about 60 participants. The intended audience are postgraduate students, PhD students, and young researchers from universities and industrial laboratories around the world.

More information available here.

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